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CPT (Cone Penetration Test) in New Westminster

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New Westminster's development, from its 1859 founding on the steep northern bank of the Fraser River, has always contended with challenging ground conditions. The city sits on a mix of glacial till, marine silts, and thick river deposits that vary dramatically over short distances, and the downtown core climbs sharply from the waterfront. For engineers working on high-density infill or the new towers near the SkyTrain, a standard borehole often misses the subtle transitions between soft compressible layers and dense bearing strata. The CPT test captures these boundaries continuously, delivering a high-resolution log of tip resistance, sleeve friction, and pore pressure without the disturbance caused by drilling. For deep excavations near Columbia Street or foundations in Queensborough, this data is essential to avoid surprises during construction. When the scope calls for discrete sampling, the CPT results guide the placement of SPT drilling boreholes so the investigation targets the exact depths that need laboratory verification.

A continuous CPT log through New Westminster's river deposits reveals the exact depth of the sensitive marine clay layer that standard split-spoon sampling can easily miss.

Our service areas

Our approach and scope

In New Westminster, we often see projects where the design team requests a 20-metre penetration only to hit refusal at eleven metres in dense Vashon till—a common scenario on the upslope sites north of Royal Avenue. A modern 20-tonne CPT rig with continuous push capability is needed to handle this variability, and our equipment logs cone resistance (qc), sleeve friction (fs), and dynamic pore pressure (u₂) at two-centimetre intervals. The friction ratio (Rf) derived from these channels gives a reliable soil behaviour type classification right at the truck, so the geotechnical engineer can identify interbedded sands and silts immediately.
  • Continuous digital profile with no sample disturbance
  • Real-time soil behaviour type from qc and Rf
  • Pore pressure dissipation tests for groundwater assessment
  • Seismic CPT module available for shear wave velocity (Vs)
On Fraser River floodplain sites, we correlate CPT tip resistance with undrained shear strength for the soft clays and often combine the data with liquefaction analysis to evaluate the cyclic stress ratio required by the NBCC for seismic design.
CPT (Cone Penetration Test) in New Westminster
Technical reference — New Westminster

Local ground factors

The Geological Survey of Canada maps show that much of New Westminster is underlain by up to 40 metres of post-glacial Fraser River sediment: soft, normally consolidated silts and clays with interbedded loose sand lenses. This stratigraphy presents two serious risks: bearing capacity failure under shallow footings and earthquake-induced liquefaction in the sand layers, especially given the city's location in a high seismic zone governed by NBCC spectral accelerations. Skipping a continuous CPT profile means the designer might place a footing just above a thin sand seam that will lose strength during a design earthquake, leading to differential settlement or worse. The pore pressure dissipation test also reveals how quickly the clay consolidates under load; a slow dissipation rate signals a long settlement period that must be accounted for in the structural schedule. In the low-lying Queensborough neighbourhood, where the water table sits within two metres of the surface, dissipation data becomes critical for deep excavation dewatering plans.

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Explanatory video

Relevant standards

ASTM D5778 – Standard Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils, CSA A23.3 – Design of Concrete Structures (seismic provisions referenced for foundation design), NBCC – National Building Code of Canada (seismic hazard and foundation requirements), ASTM D7400 – Standard Test Methods for Downhole Seismic Testing (when SCPT module is used)

Reference parameters

ParameterTypical value
Maximum push capacity20 tonnes (200 kN)
Standard cone10 cm², 60° apex, ASTM D5778
Measured channelsqc, fs, u₂ (dynamic pore pressure)
Sampling interval20 mm (continuous digital log)
Pore pressure dissipationt₅₀ measurement at target depths
Seismic moduleSCPTu for Vs profiling (downhole)
Soil behaviour typeRobertson (1990) classification, real-time

Common questions

How much does a CPT test cost in New Westminster?

CPT testing in New Westminster typically ranges from CA$240 to CA$340 per hour of rig time, depending on the depth required, the modules used (standard piezocone or seismic CPT), and site access conditions. A 20-metre push on an open site with standard equipment usually falls toward the lower end, while confined downtown sites requiring a smaller rig or seismic cone will be higher. Mob-demob and data reporting are quoted separately based on project location.

What depth can you reach with CPT in the glacial till around New Westminster?

The Vashon till that caps the upland areas north of Royal Avenue is a dense, over-consolidated material that often stops a 20-tonne CPT rig between 10 and 14 metres. On the Fraser River floodplain, where the till is absent or much deeper, we routinely reach 25 metres or more through the soft sediments. Refusal depth is determined in real time by the cone stress reading and is reported immediately to the project engineer.

How quickly do I get the CPT data after testing in New Westminster?

A preliminary field log with soil behaviour type classification is available on site within minutes of completing each push. The final processed report, including corrected cone resistance, friction ratio, pore pressure dissipation curves, and SBTn classification per Robertson (2009), is typically delivered within two business days via PDF and digital formats compatible with gINT or OpenGround.

Location and service area

We serve projects in New Westminster and surrounding areas.

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