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Seismic Microzonation Studies in New Westminster

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The seismic response between the dense glacial till underlying the Uptown area and the soft, compressible sediments of the Fraser River floodplain in Queensborough can differ by a factor of three or more. A uniform hazard spectrum derived from a regional model simply cannot capture the three-dimensional basin effects and impedance contrasts that govern shaking intensity at a specific property address. Our laboratory team bridges this gap by running site-specific seismic microzonation campaigns that combine deep shear-wave velocity profiling with one-dimensional and two-dimensional site response analyses, delivering the ground motion parameters that structural engineers need to comply with the National Building Code of Canada. In the complex deltaic environment of New Westminster, where the depth to stiff soil can shift dramatically within a single city block, this level of resolution transforms a foundation design from a generic assumption into a calibrated engineering decision. Projects that require liquefaction triggering assessments benefit directly from the integrated CPT testing we perform to constrain the soil behavior type index across the full stratigraphic column.

A site-specific Vs30 value measured on New Westminster's deltaic soils can shift the design spectral acceleration by over 30 percent compared to the default site class assumption.

Our service areas

Our approach and scope

New Westminster sits at roughly 60 meters above sea level on the northern bank of the Fraser River, yet parts of the city sit on post-glacial marine and deltaic deposits that extend more than 200 meters before reaching competent bedrock. Our seismic microzonation work begins with the acquisition of Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves data along linear arrays deployed on accessible ground, supplemented by downhole seismic testing inside boreholes that penetrate the entire soil column wherever site conditions permit. The dispersion curves we extract are inverted to produce a Vs profile, which is then assigned a site class according to Table 4.1.8.4.A of NBCC 2020. When site-specific response spectra are required, we process the shear-wave velocity model through equivalent-linear or non-linear ground response codes, using input motions matched to the uniform hazard spectrum for the City of New Westminster. For sites where basin-edge effects or deep impedance contrasts are suspected, we often recommend pairing the surface-wave survey with a seismic refraction line that constrains the geometry of high-velocity layers at depth, improving the reliability of the inverted Vs model.
Seismic Microzonation Studies in New Westminster
Technical reference — New Westminster

Local ground factors

The field equipment we deploy for a New Westminster microzonation survey typically includes a 24-channel engineering seismograph connected to 4.5 Hz geophones spaced at three to five meters, powered by a deep-cycle battery and triggered by a sledgehammer source on an aluminum plate. During the field acquisition, we monitor each shot gather in real time on a ruggedized laptop running dispersion analysis software, rejecting any records contaminated by traffic vibration from Columbia Street or the SkyTrain alignment. The most critical risk on a Fraser River floodplain site is not the equipment malfunction but the misinterpretation of a low-velocity layer masked by a higher-impedance cap, which can lead to an unconservative site class assignment. When a thin stiff crust overlies very soft clay, the fundamental-mode dispersion curve alone may miss the velocity inversion entirely. We mitigate this by running additional active-source refraction lines and by comparing the resulting shear-wave velocity profile against borehole stratigraphy, ensuring that the microzonation map reflects the true dynamic behavior of the deposit rather than a mathematical artifact of the inversion routine.

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Relevant standards

NBCC 2020 (National Building Code of Canada, Part 4), CSA A23.3-19 (Design of Concrete Structures, seismic provisions), ASTM D7400-19 (Standard Test Methods for Downhole Seismic Testing), ASTM D5777-18 (Standard Guide for Using the Seismic Refraction Method), ASTM D4428/D4428M-14 (Standard Test Methods for Crosshole Seismic Testing)

Reference parameters

ParameterTypical value
Site period (Ts)Determined from 1D site response analysis per NBCC commentary
Vs30 (m/s)Measured from MASW or downhole arrays; reported with depth of investigation
Site class (A through E)Assigned per NBCC 2020 Table 4.1.8.4.A
Peak ground acceleration (PGA)Site-specific hazard deaggregation for New Westminster coordinates
Design spectral accelerationsS(T) at 0.2 s, 0.5 s, 1.0 s, and 2.0 s periods
Liquefaction potential index (LPI)Calculated from SPT or CPT data integrated with site response results
Depth to bedrock (m)Interpreted from geophysical lines and deep borehole logs

Common questions

What is the difference between a seismic microzonation study and a standard site class determination?

A standard site class determination relies on average properties like Vs30 from a single measurement or proxy, while a microzonation study maps the spatial variation of ground motion parameters across the entire property using multiple geophysical lines and boreholes. In New Westminster, where soil conditions can change from dense till to soft organic silt within a short distance, microzonation provides the spatial resolution that a single-point measurement cannot deliver, directly informing the distribution of design spectral accelerations for different building footprints.

How long does a seismic microzonation campaign take for a typical lot in New Westminster?

Field acquisition for a single-block site, including MASW lines and downhole testing in two or three boreholes, is typically completed in two to three working days. The processing, inversion, and site response analysis phase requires an additional two to three weeks, depending on the complexity of the stratigraphy and the number of ground motion scenarios that must be evaluated for the structural design brief.

What is the approximate cost range for a seismic microzonation study in New Westminster?

The investment for a microzonation campaign in New Westminster generally falls between CA$5.390 and CA$22.370, depending on the number of geophysical lines, borehole seismic tests, and the scope of the site response analysis required. A detailed proposal is prepared after reviewing the site geometry and the available geotechnical data.

Does the City of New Westminster require a site-specific seismic study for building permits?

The City of New Westminster defers to the requirements of the NBCC 2020 and the professional judgment of the geotechnical engineer of record. Site-specific ground motion studies are typically triggered when the default site class assumptions would penalize the design, when the structure is classified as post-disaster or high importance, or when deep soft soils suggest that site amplification may be significantly higher than the code default values.

Location and service area

We serve projects in New Westminster and surrounding areas.

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